Participatory Research

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1971 - 1979101980 - 198919

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End date: 1989Subject: search.filters.subject.SDG 4: Quality Education

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    Description of the methods of participation research
    (1978) Le Boterf, Guy
    The article describes a research method used to identify the basic educational needs of rural populations in six villages in Central America. The research method is an approach that combines experimental research with a participatory survey of the community to identify educational needs. The communities participated by defining the problems they were facing, discussing their situation, identifying their educational needs, and developing possible solutions. This is different from a typical survey, since community members were given an active role in the research activities. Moreover, they provided feedback and were actively involved in discussions at various stages of the study and research process. This allowed the researchers to discuss and analyse the results with the community and to use their feedback in understanding and addressing specific problems. The study began with an initial exploration of the community, followed by the identification and prioritisation of needs, setting educational goals, developing strategies, discussion with the community, and implementation of the strategies. Researchers and technical specialists acted as facilitators and educators rather than being the sole producers of knowledge. The study links research, education, and community action, which is intended not only to analyse the situation in the communities but also to contribute to solving the problems that were identified.
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    Participatory research: A new methodology for adult educators?
    (National Center for Research in Vocational Education, 1979) Griffith, William S; Cristarella, Mary C
    Participatory research is a term which has been appearing within the past several years in international adult education conferences and which some commentators believe has the potential of redirecting research within the field of adult education. The International Conference on Adult Education and Development held in Dar-es-Salaam in June, 1976, proposed that "all adult educators should receive training in the theory and practice of participatory research as well as in complementary quantitative research techniques" (Dar-es-Salaam Design for Action, 1976, p.32). The UNESCO program action plan for 1977-1982 includes the support of future participatory research (Hurly, 1976). Cain states "the forces producing the demand for something called 'participatory research' are numerous and compelling" (Cain, 1977, p.7).
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    The use of participatory methods in a community based adult education programme
    (Women and Development Unit (WAND) Extra Mural Department, UWI, 1982) Ellis, Patricia
    The document highlights the design of an adult education programme in Rose Hall using a participatory approach. The main areas covered by the programme include agricultural knowledge, home improvements, personal development, numeracy and English, which are taught depending on the needs and capabilities of the community. Participatory techniques such as discussion groups, role playing, stories, drawings, demonstrations and participatory evaluations have been used in the programme. Community members, education committee, resource persons and project coordinator take part in evaluating the programme and determining any problem and possible solutions. The programme helps in improving knowledge, self-confidence, communication skills, critical awareness, problem solving, decision making and community participation. This programme faces certain challenges in the form of participation, attendance, gender roles, time, human resources, attitude and documentation. The exercise illustrates how participation, dialogue, reflection and collective analysis could assist community members in analyzing their situation, knowing their strength and weakness and taking more responsibility in their development and that of their community.
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    Participatory research - An integral part of the development process
    (Women and Development Unit (WAND) Extra Mural Department, UWI, 1983) Ellis, Pat
    Ellis develops the concept of participating research as an alternative concept to the dominant approaches to social research. Ellis is critical of the tendency of research to be an end in itself as opposed to being a means to an end, and proposes a new paradigm in which research is integrated into development and change processes. He also highlights the problem with the dominant approach, which is overly concerned with imposing control, objectivity, quantification, and academic discourses, while remaining detached to the issues affecting the subject of investigation. Particripatory research recognizes the subjectivity of research and seeks to involve the researched group actively in the research process to obtain information and knowledge that can then lead to transformative action and change. The paper makes a distinction between the researcher as a facilitator and expert, and highlights how the former can be more effective in sharing expertise and knowledge with the researched community. The article further highlights the political nature of participating research, as a means to achieve equity and democratization of knowledge and influence. Ellis provides examples from Trinidad, St. Vincent, and Saint Lucia, which illustrate the potential of participating research in community development, women’s development, and education respectively. The paper concludes that participating research has the potential to contribute to community empowerment and self-reliance, which are critical aspects of development in the region.
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    The issue of methodology in participatory research
    (1980) Kassam, Yusuf
    The question of methodology in participatory research is a subject of on-going analysis and discussion. No consensus has yet been reached on what constitutes the methodology in participatory research. What this paper proposes to do is to highlight the major "methodological" analyses that participatory research has been subjected to in the past few years and, secondly, to critically examine the validity, constraints and shortcomings of the various methodological positions. In so doing, this paper intends to provide a basis for a further analysis and clarification of the issue of methodology in participatory research. Before plunging into examining the issue of methodology in participatory research, it is necessary to briefly outline what has been conceived as participatory research, its origins and its intentions.
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    Participatory training and self development
    (0000) Acharya, Binoy; Verma, Shalini
    How should training be undertaken to encourage critical thinking and instill confidence in people? In this article, Binoy Acharya and Shalini Verma discuss the growing emphasis on training within the development sector while questioning approaches that reduce training to the mere transfer of information or techniques. They argue that many people, especially the poor and marginalised, experience the systematic devaluation of their own knowledge and capacities which weakens self confidence and participation. For this reason, simply providing more skills cannot by itself lead to empowerment, though external knowledge may still be useful. The focus of training, they argue, must be to foster critical thinking so that people can analyse their own realities, articulate their experiences, and identify what they need to learn further. Participatory training is highlighted as a process that breaks the culture of silence, restores faith in people’s own knowledge, and builds confidence for collective action. Social development, the authors emphasise, begins with the development of the self.
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    Participatory research handbook for community groups
    (International Council for Adult Education, 1978-06) Barndt, Deborah; Conchelos, Greg; Etherington, Alan; Galindo, June; Hall, Budd L; Harasim, Linda; Jackson, Ted; Marino, Dian; Tobias, Kathy; Vigoda, Al; Correia, Dianne; Icaza, Bernardita; Mansfield, Jennifer
    This handbook is about doing participatory research in local groups and communities, prepared in 1978 by the Participatory Research Project Group at the International Council for Adult Education. It is written for community groups without the money, professional training, or institutional support that usually make research an exclusive activity. Three ideas run through the book: participatory research is a method of social interaction built on full community involvement, an educational process that raises awareness of local problems, and a means of acting on what the research finds. Control over how information is gathered, analyzed, and used is meant to stay with the community throughout. A circular model called the research puzzle organizes the handbook's practical sections, moving groups through knowing their situation, identifying resources and issues, gathering and understanding information, acting, and reflecting. A sample profile index built around a housing cooperative and six case studies from Canadian communities, unions, and cooperatives ground these ideas in practice. The authors call it a first draft and invite readers to help shape what comes next.
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    Participatory research in Asia
    (1980) Tandon, Rajesh
    This book, edited by Rajesh Tandon and published in 1980 for the Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education, gathers the first two years of work under the Participatory Research Project coordinated through the International Council for Adult Education. He opens the collection with his own essay mapping the character of participatory research as it had taken shape across Asia by the late 1970s, tracing its overwhelmingly rural base, its entanglement with social action, and the political risk that came with working alongside landless labourers and tribal groups in states not always tolerant of organising. The theoretical section that follows sets contributors against each other rather than in agreement: Zafrullah Chowdhury reads decades of foreign-funded medical research in Bangladesh as a continuation of colonial control dressed up as philanthropy, while other papers by Banerjee, Ghosh and Das question participatory research's claims to method and rigour from more sceptical angles. The case studies, left largely unedited from their original submissions, cover a literacy programme in Mehrauli, the Shramik Sangathan's organising among agricultural workers, the Gonoshasthaya Kendra health centre in Dacca, and projects in the Philippines and Rajasthan, closing with reports from four regional meetings and a note on the project's founding objectives.
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    Research for the people-Research by the people
    (1980) Erasmie, Thord; de Vries, J; Dubell, F