Participatory Action Research

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Start date: 2000End date: 2009

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    University of Victoria task force on community-based research: Towards a structure for community-based research University of Victoria: Phase II
    (2005) Keller, Peter; Hall, Budd L
    This document was prepared by the University of Victoria Task Force on Community-Based Research, co-led by Peter Keller and Budd L. Hall. It explains the background to Phase II of the work on creating a structure to support community-based research (CBR) at the university, starting with a 2005 forum that drew more than 80 academics. The document uses a three-part definition of CBR as collaborative, as democratising knowledge, and as aimed at social action and social justice. It then sets out the next steps in the consultation, including talking with community partners, reviewing models from elsewhere, recommending a steering committee, identifying networks and funding sources, and exploring UVic’s hosting of the 2007 Community-University Expo.
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    Gracias Companero: An appreciation of Orlando Fals Borda
    (SAGE Publications, 2008) Hall, Budd L
    I first met Orlando Fals Borda in April of 1977. He was standing in the lobby of an older colonial style hotel in the city of Cartagena, Columbia. He was sur-rounded by a group of very earnest younger and older Latin Americans who were holding very heated discussions about the nature of knowledge, the role of intellectuals in revolutionary change and the age-old question in times of need: 'What is to be done?". The occasion was a meeting of 56 scholar-activists from all over the world, whom Orlando Fals Borda had brought together to this Caribbean city of coastal Colombia to embark on a daring new idea: to break the positivist hold on science by means of recognizing channels of valid knowledge production by and with the common people, with the purpose of social recon-struction and participation. Some of those scholars had been working to these ends since the late 1960s outside of academic confines. Orlando traced his lineage in Participatory Action Research and related approaches from that meeting. At the time, I was a newly appointed research officer working with the International Council for Adult Education, fresh from five years working in Tanzania where a number of us began the work which we coined 'participatory research'. A number of us were working on the building of an international par-ticipatory research network and we needed Orlando's ideas and support to move our work forward.
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    Doing participatory research: A feminist approach
    (Center for International Education, University of Massachusetts., 2000) Maguire, Patricia
    In this text the author traces her beginnings as a student researcher trying to understand the biases of traditional research by engaging in participatory research with a group of battered women in Gallup, New Mexico. Using Paulo Freire's concept of dialogue, Pat talks with former battered women in their kitchens, transcribes the interviews and presents the women in their own words. Together they move through a cycle of reflection and action, reaching for a solution to the problem-how to move forward after living with violent men. This highly creative work will involve the reader in theory and practice.
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    The Application of the social sciences’ Contemporary issues to work on participatory action research
    (Society for Applied Anthropology, 2008) Fals Borda, Orlando
    No one could have been more surprised than I when at the closing session of the 12th International Sympo-N sium on Action Research for Education, held at my home city of Bogotá, Colombia May 14-18, 2007 a number of delegates from Australia, Great Britain and the United States went to the podium to announce that I was the new recipient of the prestigious Bronislaw Malinowski Award of the Society for Applied Anthropology. I should travel to Memphis for this purpose. It is a motive of amazement to find my name in the honor roll together with scientists and authors of my considerable youthful reverence, the masters of my professors-a roster with names such as Gunnar Myrdal, Everett C. Hughes, Laura Thompson, Conrad Arensberg, and Margaret Clark. How did I finally fit into this sacred list? I am not going to question the criteria for choosing. My main duty, I feel, is to examine whether I merit such inclusion from the standpoint of con-tinuity and/or accumulation of science, continuing some of the basic tenets of the discipline I learned in my university years in the United States.
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    Participatory research and participation in research: A look between times and spaces from Latin America
    (International Journal of Action Research, 2005) Brandao, Carlos Rodrigues
    We acknowledge that participatory research existed in the past, and exists today within different traditions. We acknowledge the gestation of a “Latin American tradition” based on the pioneering experience of Orlando Fals Borda and Paulo Freire. This tradition of participatory research can only be understood in its origins and its currentness, referenced to the social and political contexts of the time when it was instituted in Latin America, between the 1970s and 1980s. It made much use of the European and North American traditions, but possesses specific characteristics, beginning with its historical connection to the popular social movements and their emancipatory social transformation projects. A few principles of convergence between different styles are presented and discussed.
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    On research and action
    (Economic and Political Weekly, 2002-03) Dreze, Jean
    The value of scientific research can, in many circumstances, be enhanced if it is combined with real-world involvement and action. This approach should be seen as an essential complement of, not a substitute for, research of a more ‘detached’ kind.
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    Re-Visiting participation third course development professional from south asia countries
    (Participatory research in Asia (PRIA), 2000-09-07) Satyamurthi, V
    This paper compiled by V. Satyamurthi examines the concepts, methods, and limitations of monitoring and evaluation in development programmes. The paper traces the evolution of M&E from its origins in the 1950s UN system through the 1970s expansion of international development assistance. It critiques the conventional M&E system, arguing that it fails to capture the complex, qualitative dimensions of social change. The paper then assesses in detail, and distinguishes between monitoring as an internal management activity providing regular feedback on implementation progress, and evaluation as a broader assessment of programme appropriateness, results, and impact. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation and its key elements are presented as an alternative based on the belief that those most closely involved can analyse their own problems. The paper then outlines six categories of PM&E indicators, from group operation and management, economic performance, technical operation, financial management, group institutionalisation and self-reliance, to other considerations. The paper concludes by distinguishing three kinds of evaluation using Karl Deutsch's feedback loop framework, arguing how only participatory evaluation provides the latter two forms of feedback essential for genuine development.
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    Participatory action research chronology: Social history of PAR methodologies
    (2004)
    As conventional research was increasingly criticized for being distant from people’s lived realities, participatory action research (PAR) emerged as an approach that linked knowledge creation with social change. This study traces the history and evolution of participatory action research (PAR), situating it within broader social, political, and intellectual movements of the twentieth century. It highlights the influence of early pioneers like Moreno and Kurt Lewin, while also recognizing the contributions of Paulo Freire, Orlando Fals-Borda, Marja-Liisa Swantz, and others who shaped the participatory ethos. The research outlines how PAR emerged as both a methodological innovation and a political commitment, particularly in the struggles of marginalized and Indigenous communities across regions such as Canada, Tanzania, and Latin America. Central to the discussion is how PAR challenged the dominance of positivist traditions by emphasizing collaboration, critical consciousness, and the co-creation of knowledge with communities. The paper also shows how networks of scholars, activists, and local leaders extended PAR across continents, adapting it to diverse contexts from land use and health to education and cultural survival. By weaving together these experiences, the study demonstrates how participatory action research became a bridge between academic inquiry and social transformation, continually evolving through the struggles and aspirations of those it sought to serve.
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    Participatory impact assessment. August 20- 25, 2001
    (Particiaptory Research in Asia (PRIA), 2001-08-25) Dwivedi, Anju
    How can development interventions be made more accountable to the people they are meant to serve? In this paper, Anju Dwivedi examines how participatory impact assessment can reframe conventional approaches to evaluation by placing communities at the center of the process. She begins by tracing shifts in development thinking from a focus on economic growth in the 1950s to an increasing emphasis on participation and human development by the 1990s, where people’s involvement became central. Dwivedi argues that social development is not a linear process that can be captured through simple output and outcome measures. Impact must instead be understood as change from a given starting point, including intended and unintended effects on people’s lives. Participatory impact assessment therefore becomes a continuous process across the project cycle, engaging communities and other stakeholders in defining indicators, collecting data, and interpreting findings. The paper also foregrounds the importance of integrating a gender lens to understand differentiated impacts. For practitioners and researchers, this paper offers a grounded way to rethink impact assessment as a political and learning process rather than a technical exercise.
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    Social development monitoring: A process to ensure accountability
    (Prashasnika A Journal of Administrative Processes, 2006-12) Dwivedi, Anju
    What does it mean to monitor development processes, and who holds the power to do so? In this paper, Anju Dwivedi situates social development monitoring within the broader shift toward people centred development that emerged in the 1990s, where participation became central to planning and implementation. Instead of viewing monitoring as a technical exercise carried out by experts, the paper argues for a process rooted in community participation, where citizens continuously observe, question, and engage with development interventions. Social development monitoring is presented as a means of strengthening accountability and governance by creating spaces for those historically excluded to articulate concerns, influence decisions, and exercise control over resources. The process moves beyond an instrumental function of tracking outcomes, and instead operates as a political act that redistributes power and challenges hierarchical decision making structures. By involving communities in identifying issues, generating information, and taking collective action, monitoring becomes a site of learning and citizenship in practice. The paper ultimately positions social development monitoring as a process that not only ensures accountability but also enables communities to shape development pathways in ways that reflect their own priorities, knowledge, and autonomy.