Jaitil, Namrata2025-04-222025-04-221997-12Jaitil, Namrata. (1997). Participatory Planning Monitroing and Evaluation: History of Participation.http://192.9.200.215:4000/handle/123456789/452Global development efforts began with economic reconstruction and industrial growth driven by institutions like the World Bank and IMF. Initial top-down approaches failed to address deep-rooted poverty and inequality, leading to new models in the 1970s emphasizing redistribution, participation, and rural empowerment. The 1980s further expanded focus to ecological sustainability, women’s development, and participatory methodologies like PRA. India’s development trajectory mirrored these global shifts, from community development programs to targeted rural poverty alleviation and participatory planning.Participation, as a broad multidimensional phenomenon with political, economic and social characteristics has been in existence in development discourse and debates since last three decades. The earlier models of development were top-down, growth oriented and supply driven with people as passive recipient of development aid. They were designed and managed by the government and agency staff, with the underlined assumption that the professionals are the expert and the people are passive recipients of development aid. Significance of community participation gained recognition in the mid seventies when a section of society (social scientists, social activists and field workers) undertook search for development alternatives a shift from the dominant capital centred paradigm to people centred development model. To understand this shift in development thought and action an analysis of the last five decade of development activities in International, and more specially in Indian context becomes important.enBretton Woods Institutions (WB & IMF)Colombo PlanCommunity Development ProgrammeBasic Needs ApproachParticipatory DevelopmentEcological MovementWorking Paper