McCracken , Jennifer RietbergenNarayan, Deepa2025-04-152025-04-151996.McCracken , Jennifer Rietbergen, Narayan, Deepa. (1996). Participatory Rural Appraisal Module III. Participatory Tools and Techniques: A Resource Kit for Participation and Social Assessment, Social Policy and Resettlement Division.http://192.9.200.215:4000/handle/123456789/402This document provides a detailed overview of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), a qualitative, community-centered approach used to understand local conditions, priorities, and perspectives. Originating from Rapid Rural Appraisal and Agroecosystem Analysis, PRA has been refined by NGOs and adopted by development organizations, including the World Bank. The document discusses varying degrees of community participation, ranging from consultation to full empowerment and decision-making. It emphasizes the role of visual techniques in enabling illiterate or semi-literate participants to fully engage and outlines principles, methods of analysis, and strategies for ensuring the reliability of findings in PRA-based research and planning.Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) evolved from a series of qualitative multidisciplinary approaches to learning about local-level conditions and local peoples' perspectives, including Rapid Rural Appraisal and Agroecosystem Analysis. The pioneers of PRA development have been NGOs and agricultural research organizations, and in recent years the Bank and other donors have begun to adopt PRA-type methods in their work.enDevelopment PlanningVisual TechniquesParticipatory Rural AppraisalField-based ResearchParticipatory MethodsWorking Paper