Fowler Jr., Floyd J.2025-04-292025-04-290000http://192.9.200.215:4000/handle/123456789/548This passage explains how completed survey data are transformed into a computer-readable format for analysis. It outlines the steps of data preparation: choosing a format, designing codes, coding responses, entering data, and cleaning the data. It discusses error types (transcription and coding errors), formats (card-column, line-based records), and the importance of consistent and analyzable coding. The shift from traditional keypunching to modern data entry methods like direct entry and computer-assisted interviewing (CATI/CAPI) is highlighted, noting their advantages, limitations, and quality control measures.Survey answers usually are transformed into data files for computer analysis. This chapter describes options and good practice for data formats, code development, coding procedures and management, data entry, and data checking proceduresenData CodingCATI/CAPIContingency FilteringStructured Data FieldsError Reduction MethodsBook chapter