Community-Based Participatory Research
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Item The village women cooperatives store: A case participatory research in a Korean village(1980) Cheong, Ji WoongThis case study focuses on the role of the women’s club in the development of the rural community of Bangchuk village, South Korea, as part of the Rural Development Laboratory Project of Seoul National University. The village was characterized by low income, lack of infrastructure, poor coordination, and internal conflicts. Although there was an established number of formal and informal community groups, most of them were inactive, and women’s involvement was limited. Through field survey research in 1975, the current study explored how the women’s club was organized and manifested its developmental role. Particular attention was paid to developmental issues such as cooperation activities, economic and educational aspects, family planning, and the mobilization of women’s participation in the club activities to promote the well-being of the community. The case study provides evidence of how the women’s club organization and collective action promoted community development. It also demonstrates the importance of both the researcher’s cooperation with the community and his/her participation in the development mobilization process to harness local human resources for the empowerment of the community. The women’s collective organization in Bangchuk village is considered an effective way to promote community development and improve the quality of life of its residents.Item Report of the meeting on participatory research held at Dehradun, India April 22-24, 1983(Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA), 1983) Society for Participatory Research in AsiaThis report is about a three-day meeting on Participatory Research (PR) held in Dehradun, India, in April 1983, organized by the Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA). It was attended by twenty-four participants, who discussed the role of ideology in PR, and the overlapping nature of participatory research, evaluation, and training. The meeting also explored the complex and often conflicting roles researchers assume in the field, illustrated through a participant's work with a Dalit theatre group. To examine these issues further, participants formed four interest groups. These groups focused on primary education, forest studies, baseline survey design, and women's issues, highlighting distinct methodological tensions in each area. The report closes with a review of PRIA's role as a support organization and suggestions for its future direction, including promoting PR more widely, producing materials in local languages, and building a resource pool of trained practitioners.Item Breaking the monopoly of knowledge: research methods, participation and development(1977) Hall, Budd LWhy do we undertake research, and in whose interests does it operate? In this essay, Dr. Budd Hall critically examines the dominant top down traditions of research in adult education and questions their claims to objectivity. He argues that conventional survey based approaches often extract information from communities while offering little in return. They produce knowledge that can be inaccurate, alienating, and detached from tangible social action. Engaging with radical educators and theorists such as Paulo Freire, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, Hall outlines the foundations of an alternative participatory research approach. This approach views knowledge as collectively produced and rooted in lived experience rather than imposed by external experts. Research, in this framing, becomes a process of dialogue, reflection, and action directed toward liberation and social transformation. The essay invites readers to reconsider the purpose of research itself and to imagine methodologies that expand human creative potential while challenging entrenched hierarchies of knowledge and power.Item Participation, planning and international cooperation: reflections on the tanzanian experience(1975-05) Hall, Budd LWhat can development look like for a newly independent Third World nation? Emphasising the core principles of socialism and self-reliance, Dr. Budd Hall reflects in this paper on the directions Tanzania chose in making development planning participatory and in shaping its approach to international cooperation. Education is presented as fundamentally tied to national development, with its centrality illustrated through several case studies, including the Adult Education Network, the Man is Health campaign, and the Kwasisi Project. Through discussions of their motivations, processes, effects, and modes of evaluation, the article highlights how education functioned as a key instrument across multiple levels of development planning. Drawing on experience, historical insight, and policy analysis, the paper shows how Tanzania sought to situate its development efforts firmly within its stated principles while placing education at the centre of social transformation.Item Evaluation of adult education in Tanzania: A status report(University of Dar es Salaam, 1971-02-13) Hall, Budd LTanzania has placed significant focus on adult education, a commitment evident since the beginning of the Second Five Year Plan (1969–74). This report by Dr. Budd Hall emphasizes the need to evaluate the status of adult education in the country. The objectives of adult education programmes have been to teach basic reading, writing, and problem-solving skills to facilitate meaningful participation of young people in family life, community life and in the larger development of the nation. However, dropout numbers have remained high, and attendance rates continue to be low. The evaluation of these programmes has been divided into several components, including the assessment of baseline data, interim surveys, and technical surveys. This report explores the reasons why it is necessary to examine how effective these education programmes have been, what have been the shortcomings and how future efforts can be guided.Item Linkage between participatory research, participatory evaluation and participatory training(1983-05-05)As participatory approaches gained ground in the early 1980s, questions emerged about how research, evaluation, and training might intersect in practice. This paper explores the close relationship between these three processes, showing how they often overlap and evolve within the same project rather than remaining separate domains. Through discussions of field experiences, it reflects on the complexity of roles that facilitators, educators, and community members assume, and the tensions that arise in balancing activism, research, and organizational structures. The study also considers the possibilities of applying participatory methods to diverse fields such as primary education, forestry, and women’s empowerment, while highlighting the constraints of time, resources, and institutional support. Instead of drawing final conclusions, it leaves the reader with open questions about how participatory practice can expand its reach while staying true to its empowering intent.Item The Indian urban elites: An exploratory study(0000) De, Nitish R.; Tandon, RajeshItem Towards an epistemology of participatory research(Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA) , 0000) Chaudhary, AnilIn this article, Dr. Anil Chaudhary examines the epistemological foundations of participatory research, arguing that its roots lie in the age-old traditions of knowledge production that have existed alongside the elite-controlled, formal knowledge frameworks throughout history. Drawing upon historical analysis, he demonstrates how control over knowledge production and utilisation has been an effective instrument of rule in all stratified societies. He divides them into three categories: structural control, linguistic control, and thematic control. The article thus talks about the parallel existence of two contrasting modes of knowledge production- the dominant mode and the popular mode. It presents participatory research as an attempt to refine the popular mode of knowledge in the contemporary context. Dr Chaudhary concludes the paper by suggesting some challenges for the future of participatory research.Item Rural vocational education in Tanzania: An exploratory research(African Adult Education Association , 1979-07) Mshana, R.; Bita, T.The Christian Council of Tanzania, in cooperation with its Member Churches has been conducting since early 1975, an exploratory research into the pressing problems of rural vocational education. în Tanzania. This research has been analysing in depth and breadth the existing problems, and the most important findings have been made public in a "Preliminary Report" that was extensively discussed in the National Workshop organised by the researchers held at Kicheba Village, Tanga. This paper attempts to give a brief historical background of the study in section one. Section two concentrates on the organisation of the research embracing the nature of the research problem, the purpose of the research, time and people involved. Section three gives a detailed account on the process of familiarization used, the analytical frameworth and the stage reached by the research so far. Finally, a critical analysis of the entire research experience is given.Item Participatory research, educational experience, and empowerment of adults(PRIA, 1985-01) Tandon, RajeshThe article by Dr. Rajesh Tandon talks about the practices of participatory research as a philosophy of subaltern knowledge systems. He states how historically, knowledge systems have been dominated by elites who maintain hegemonic control over them while negating the perspectives of marginalized people, and defines participatory research as an alternative process and method. The article goes on to trace the origins of participatory research to the practice of Adult Educators in poor communities of Asia, Africa, and Latin America and lists networks promoted by organizations that became the breeding ground for experiments in participatory research. Dr. Tandon further mentions PRIA (Participatory Research in Asia) and documents its evolution and interventions in the work of participatory research in various fields like environment, workers' education, occupational health, and women’s issues. The article ends by identifying challenges in the form of bureaucratic state institutions, statism, and emerging technologies, also placing emphasis on the role of adult education to help citizens regain their capacities.