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Changing Paradigms of Development - The Context of Participatory Research
(0000) Oommen, T.K.
Broadly speaking, so far, humanity has experienced five social revolutions, each of which may be viewed as a cluster of social movements and collective actions. First, the revolt of the aristocracy (those who claimed nobility based on birth) against the clergy (God's representatives on earth) which secularized the social order, separating the state and the Church. The focus of this revolution was to arrive at a consensus regarding a division of labour resulting in the allocation of the secular realm exclusively to the state and confining the activity of the church to the spiritual realm.
Community Participation: Lessons from Post-Apartheid South Africa
(Routledge, 2006) Williams, John J.
This article reviews community participation in post-apartheid South Africa, drawing on research conducted in Cape Town since 1994. It explores the evolution of community participation from resistance during apartheid to contemporary participatory practices. Despite legal provisions in the South African constitution promoting community involvement, the article critiques the superficial implementation of Integrated Development Planning (IDP) programs, which often fail to genuinely empower marginalized communities. The author argues that a more meaningful engagement is required to address the real needs of the local population.