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Item Global foundations of community based research(0000) Tandon, Rajesh; Hall, Budd LItem Challenges in the co-construction of knowledge: A global study on strengthening structures for community university research partnerships(0000) Hall, Budd L; Tandon, Rajesh; Tremblay, Crystal; Singh, WafaItem The Indian Urban Elites: An Exploratory Study(0000) De, Nitish R.; Tandon, RajeshWhat are the characteristics of Indian urban elites? Using data from a survey conducted in the city of Calcutta, this paper seeks to test a series of propositions of different dimensions: political, economic, social, professional, role, and self. At the end, a number of unresolved issues have been raised which provide guidelines for future research in the area.Item Participatory Research(0000) Tandon, RajeshDuring the last decade, major debate has taken place on the inadequacies of models and strategies of development initiated during the 50s and 60s. Bulk of the criticism has centred around the lien and western nature of these development models and strategies and top-down approach centred on technology and economism. It has been argued that people's participation in their own development is the only alternative towards solving major problems confronting the world in general and the developed countries in particular. As a result, now efforts have been Launched in different settings to mobilise and organize local groups to take charge of their own development through the process of collective action in their common interest. moreover, new awareness of such ongoing efforts has also developed among those concerned with the problems of development.Item Knowledge as Power: Participatory Research as Alternative(0000) Tandon, RajeshIn the situation of inequalities of which the majority of our country's citizens are victims, the search for the bases of power leads us to one factor that is not easily acknowledged, viz. knowledge as power. Physical force and economic strength are tools of keeping others under control. Political power rein-forces such a situation of power and powerlessness. In recent years, particularly since the growth of organised sciences, the monopoly of knowledge has functioned as a major factor rein-forcing the division of society into 'haves' and 'have-nots', or the powerful and the powerless. This paper will therefore try to attempt an understanding of knowledge as a source of power, its monopoly as a mode of keeping people divided and under control and of strengthening the already powerful. It will then try to find a solution in the form of participatory research which values people's knowledge as against externally imposed scientific knowledge which can be monopolised by only a few.Item The Historical roots and contemporary tendencies in Participatory Research: Implications for Health care(0000) Tandon, RajeshThis paper delves into the historical roots and contemporary tendencies of participatory research (PR), particularly in the context of health care. It examines the evolution of PR as a critique of traditional social science methodologies and as an educational process rooted in adult education practices. Drawing on the works of Paulo Freire, Ivan Illich, and others, the paper highlights the epistemological shifts brought about by PR. It discusses how PR legitimizes experience and action as bases for knowing and integrates these into a framework of popular education. The implications of PR for addressing inequalities in health care and fostering community participation in knowledge creation are also explored.Item Action-Research: Assumptions and Practice(Public Enterprises Centre for Continuing Education, 0000) Tandon, RajeshThis paper discusses the assumptions and practices associated with action-research in social science. It critiques the classical enquiry approach, focusing on its assumptions about knowledge generation, objectivity, and the separation between researcher and subject. It explores the ideological, epistemological, and methodological aspects of action-research, highlighting its cyclical nature and the integration of understanding with change. The paper contrasts the traditional approach to research with action-research, emphasizing the value of subjective experience, experiential learning, and intervention in social systems as legitimate means of knowledge generation.