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Item African Regional Workshop on Participatory Research, 2nd July 1979(African Regional Workshop on Participatory Research, 1979-07-02) Ongewe, D.This document captures the discussion in Group IV on Lead Paper No. 1 at the African Regional Workshop on Participatory Research, held on 2nd July 1979. Chaired by D. Ongewe, with U. Kill as rapporteur, the discussion explores the concept of development within social sciences, emphasizing the production process, productive forces, and social relations. The group debated whether capitalist stages are necessary in socialist development and discussed historical materialism's (H.M.) perspective on rural-urban migration and the marginalization of the rural population. Members argued for a grounded approach to development that acknowledges the class struggles and economic realities in African societies, specifically addressing challenges related to capitalist influence, primitive accumulation, and the role of social scientists.