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Item Social Development Monitoring a Process to Ensure Accountability(2006-07) Dwivedi, AnjuOwing to failure of a number of policies and programmes that were designed by the government, the decade of 1990s experienced a new wave of people centered development, which popularly began to be called participatory development. With increasing emphasis on decentralized governance, the projects initiated by the government, bilateral and multilateral agencies began to mainstream element of 'participation' by creating space in the projects for the people in designing and implementing the programmes. This, however was a great shift from an approach, which had eschewed those people from planning programmes whom it was meant to benefit the most.Item Participatory Impact Assessment(2001-01) Dwivedi, AnjuThe words like Impact, Monitoring and Evaluations have been in the development discourse for more than one decade now. As NGOs continue to play important role in development, such words attain greater meaning. There has been increasing concern about NGOs' performance in social development. The questions like how does one know what has happened in public good, how one can measure the process of change, is it easy to trace the pace of transformation etc. have confounded many NGOs. The evaluations of the projects and programmes when taken up demonstrate the achievements in particular fields, and such interventions are largely seen as 'donor driven'. Most NGOs feel forced to take up evaluations not because these were considered important for institutional learning but the next instalments and future course of funding largely depended on evaluations. Generally the words like monitoring, evaluations and impacts are used interchangeably, in reality and practice all three are related but have different meanings. Before untangling the threads of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment, it is necessary to understand their relationships with social development.Item NZ Vass Impact Assessment: Pilot Programme(PRIA, 2001-07-31) Dwivedi, AnjuThe participatory impact assessment pilot initiative derived strength from involvement of all stakeholders from the initial phase of the project. The effort to make participatory impacts assessment non-imposing contributed enormously in smooth completion of this pilot initiative. The space was provided to NZ NGOs to constantly engage in a process of dialogue and discussions with partner organisations including chief executives and the board members to win support and trust. An environment of openness and candour proved extremely conducive in facilitating the process. The facilitators for the partner organisations were not seen as evaluators but as guide to the process. The planning with facilitators, NZ NGOs, partner organisations and the community was the hallmark of the process. The communities were constantly engaged in a process of quest, exploration and analysis in various ways. Effective methods were used to collect information on the impact to elicit maximum participation of the people involved. Greater involvement led to a better understanding of the impact, both intended and unintended. This also resulted in the planning of future strategies to overcome or minimise the unintended pact. The whole process highlighted the specific niche and capacities that the communities exhibited while carrying out impact assessment. They themselves saw the entire process as empowering.Item Participatory Impact Assessment(PRIA, 2001-01) Dwivedi, AnjuThe words like Impact, Monitoring and Evaluations have been in the development discourse for more than one decade now. As NGOs continue to play important role in development, such words attain greater meaning. There has been increasing concern about NGOS' performance in social development. The questions like how does one know what has happened in public good, how one can measure the process of change, is it easy to trace the pace of transformation etc. have confounded many NGOs. The evaluations of the projects and programmes when taken up demonstrate the achievements in particular fields, and such interventions are largely seen as 'donor driven'. Most NGOs feel forced to take up evaluations not because these were considered important for institutional learning but the next instalments and future course of funding largely depended on evaluations. Generally the words like monitoring, evaluations and impacts are used interchangeably, in reality and practice all three are related but have different meanings. Before untangling the threads of monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment, it is necessary to understand their relationships with social development.